Fostering a Growth Mindset

Ask "How will they learn best?" Not "Can they learn?" ~ Jaime Escalante

As you begin working with your PUSH list students, you might want to consider the work of Stanford psychologist, Carol Dweck, on mindset.  Dweck has identified two different mindsets that impact education and student learning -- a fixed mindset, in which an individual believes that intelligence is static (you either have it or you don't), and a growth mindset, where there is a belief that intelligence can be developed by various means.  For an overview, I HIGHLY recommend this article by Dweck: Mind-Sets and Equitable Education.

By the time they have reached seventh grade, many students have experienced multiple years of academic challenge, and even failure.  This is especially true of our most at-risk students.  They exhibit what Carol Dweck would say is a "fixed mindset" about learning.  These students feel like "what you see is what you get," many believing that they have little (or no) control over their level of intelligence.

As educators, our words matter.  The way we talk to our students, the type of feedback we give, and the little things we do to encourage students are essential to helping them acquire a "growth mindset" -- the belief that their intelligence can be developed through hard work, practice, and persistence.  As teachers, it is critical that we work with our students in ways that foster the belief that intelligence is a product of effort, and that we establish classrooms where grit and tenacity are encouraged.  Research has show this to be especially important in the effort to close the achievement gap.

For an another excellent summary of the ideas behind a growth mindset (and the impact that it has in the classroom), check out this brief TED Talk, by Eduardo Briceno.

In the Education Week Article, Classroom Strategies to Foster a Growth Mindset, by Larry Ferlazzo, Professor Carol Dweck and Dr. Lisa Blackwell suggest the following strategies for establishing a classroom environment that encourages growth:

• Establish high expectations
• Create a risk tolerant learning zone
• Give feedback that focuses on process -- the things that students can control, like their effort, challenge-seeking and persistence
• Introduce students to the concept of the malleable mind -- research that indicates that our brains develop through effort and learning

Larry Ferlazzo, has compiled a great list of resources to aid teachers who would like to focus on helping their students develop a growth mindset: The Best Resources on Helping Our Students Develop a Growth Mindset.  You will also want to check out the Mindset Works website, for more ideas of how you can incorporate Carol Dweck's research in your classroom.

(adapted from a post by J. Delp)